Introduction

Common Evolution Magic Tricks Exposed

* Man did not decend from the ape
* Godzilla can not evolve from nuclear waste
* Neither Apes nor Primates can (again) evolve to the smarts of The Planet Of The Apes
* humans can not grow new arms from nuclear waste as in planet of the apes 17, and Total Recall
* Even Science Fiction can hardly read the genes of two living dinosaurs from the gene map of just one.

Hollywood,
markets mutations as the tiny little gene sourcerers of Nature.

It is not clear whether the film makers are ignorant,
or are just greedily uneducational.

The Origin of Species

Godzilla

zeedonk

Cheetah

Evolution Theory For Kids

Seventy Cheetahs In A Territory

The territory is an ecosystem.

It is supplied and is being discarded of
steady and predicatable resources.


Let us say it is just light from the sun, water, and minerals.

In Nature, this is never really so simple.

But usually there are territories that are sort of separate
where things don't change so much most of time.

In Science, we look at simple models like the ecosystem so that we can analyze
our findings without worrying too much about things
that we think will not affect our conclusions to a significant degree.

And so this set of predictable resources can support
exactly 70 Cheetahs in our imaginary territory.

There are many other living creatures and plants in this
territory, some help our cheetahs, some fight it,
some are their food.

But the ecosystem is stable, with stable resources,
and all the other creatures and plants,
like our cheetahs, will keep a stable
quantity.

The animals who are food for the cheetahs will only
replicate so much before the cheetahs eat them,
and so they can feed just those 70 cheetahs and no more.

And so with the food animals,
there will be no more than what the cheetahs
will allow and let live,
and no less, because otherwise they will replicate until there are just enough.

There are seventy cheetahs in the territory today.
Seventy where here 70 years ago.
And also 700 years ago.

Perfection

The cheetah is perfect.

Darwin says perfect means there is nothing that can be better
about it.

Better, meaning, bettering its chances of survival.

If the cheetahs were bettered in any way,
there would be more of them in the territory.

Since they are the same 70 cheetahs
for some millions of years now,
we know they are not better in any way,
and have not changed since a long time ago.

This means that for this environment,
they are perfect,
and so they do not need to change at all.

Darwin calls it: Exactly as perfect as needed.

Cheetah

Struggle For Existence

Many cheetahs will die young, even if they are perfect.
This cheetah, with the imperfect nail,
will almost surely be one of the many cheetahs
who die young, in their fights
with each other for the food animals in the territory.

All animals and plants always compete with each other
to stay alive.
For the most part, cheetahs fight with cheetahs to see
who
can chase the deer better,
while the deer fight with the other deer to see
who can run away from the cheetahs faster.

It is not a war between the cheetahs and the deer.
Neither side will ever win.
The cheetahs will remain 70,
and likewise the dear will keep their numbers.

This constant undeclared fight among the individual cheetahs
Darwin calls The Struggle For Existence


Strugle for Existence

Orangutan

Darwin looked at some orangutans,
and noticed something very odd:

The hands of the individual orangutans are noticibly very
different from one another.

This means that the orangutans can not possibly
all be as perfect as our cheetahs.
If they are so different than one another,
even if just in the shape and length of
their huge hands,
then some orangutans must have better hands than others,
and so they are not all perfect.

Not only that, when father and mother orangutan
replicate a new baby orangutan,
his new hands will also surely be different than all
the others.
After all, his mother and father did not have the same
hands to begin with.

But if the orangutans were ever perfect,
than the struggle for existence would have kept
them perfect.

And so we know,
that they were not perfect to begin with.

In fact, they were probably perfect a long time ago.
perfect for some other territory, or some other climate.
Then, and there,
they were probably like any other
ordinary hands of other apes,
which among the other individuals in the same species,
all look about the same.

Then something happened.
It could be just a change in the territory,
that made the very small differences in the hands
be selected suddenly as better,
and so cause baby orangutans to continue
carrying the genes of hands that are different,
blending with the rest,
creating much variation.

It is also possible that a small chance mutation
was somehow beneficial for survival,
and so it stuck around to the next generation.
Some of the new born Orangutans had some of this
new fine quality, and some not.
Again, there will be high variation.

This is how we came to the present day,
with the hands of the orangutan still imperfect.

Death comes just as quickly, and the better orangutans
with the better hands will survive.

In time, the perfect hands will be selected and remain,
while the lesser hands will disappear.

By then the hands will all look alike.
We will then call the hands of the orangutan perfect again.

Variation and perfection in nature are exact opposites.
The higher the variation, the lower the perfection,
and vice versa.


Laws of Variation

Evolution

This is why it is believed that Charles Darwin developed most
of his theories during his travel aboard the HMS Beagle,
and in the Falkland Islands and the Galapagos Islands,
where he found many species very much alike other species in
the near continent of South America,
but those species were not present in England
and the rest of Europe in anywhere remotely the same level of
resemblance.

This is the slow process by which new species are created.

Tipycally, it starts with the migration of an individual to
a new territory, or with a gradual change in climate,
or by a single abrupt change in environmental conditions,
later to leave the teritories as stable as before,
with a new set of condition for the contained organisms to
compete over.

Mutations are always there and plentiful.

They don't make evolution happen.

Natural Selection makes evolution happen by selecting
the Right mutations, discarding all others.